Method and apparatus for signaling QOS information in NR V2X

ABSTRACT

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for performing wireless communication is provided. The method may include: transmitting, to a base station, a message including quality of service (QoS) profile information for the first apparatus and on-demand system information request, receiving, from the base station, QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer (SLRB) mapping information representing mapping relation between QoS flow and SLRB and transmitting a transport block to a second apparatus based on a QoS flow for the first apparatus related to the QoS profile information and the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information.

This application is the National Stage filing under 35 U.S.C. 371 ofInternational Application No. PCT/KR2020/014878 filed on Oct. 29, 2020,which claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0135606filed on Oct. 29, 2019, the contents of which are all herebyincorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE Field of the Disclosure

This disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

Related Art

Sidelink (SL) communication is a communication scheme in which a directlink is established between user equipments (UEs) and the UEs exchangevoice and data directly with each other without intervention of anevolved Node B (eNB). SL communication is under consideration as asolution to the overhead of an eNB caused by rapidly increasing datatraffic.

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) refers to a communication technology throughwhich a vehicle exchanges information with another vehicle, apedestrian, an object having an infrastructure (or infra) establishedtherein, and the like. The V2X may be divided into 4 types, such asvehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I),vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). The V2Xcommunication may be provided via a PC5 interface and/or Uu interface.

As a wider range of communication devices require larger communicationcapacities, the need for mobile broadband communication that is moreenhanced than the existing radio access technology (RAT) is rising.Accordingly, discussions are made on services and user equipment (UE)that are sensitive to reliability and latency. A next-generation radioaccess technology that is based on the enhanced mobile broadbandcommunication, massive machine-type communication (MTC), ultra-reliableand low latency communication (URLLC), and the like, may be referred toas a new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). Here, the NRmay also support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

FIG. 1 is a drawing for describing V2X communication based on NR,compared to V2X communication based on RAT used before NR. Theembodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

Regarding V2X communication, a scheme of providing a safety service,based on a V2X message, such as a basic safety message (BSM), acooperative awareness message (CAM), and a decentralized environmentalnotification message (DENM), is focused in the discussion on the RATused before the NR. The V2X message may include position information,dynamic information, attribute information, or the like. For example, aUE may transmit a periodic message type CAM and/or an event triggeredmessage type DENM to another UE.

For example, the CAM may include dynamic state information of thevehicle such as direction and speed, static data of the vehicle such asa size, and basic vehicle information such as an exterior illuminationstate, route details, or the like. For example, the UE may broadcast theCAM, and latency of the CAM may be less than 100 ms. For example, the UEmay generate the DENM and transmit it to another UE in an unexpectedsituation such as a vehicle breakdown, accident, or the like. Forexample, all vehicles within a transmission range of the UE may receivethe CAM and/or the DENM. In this case, the DENM may have a higherpriority than the CAM.

Thereafter, regarding V2X communication, various V2X scenarios areproposed in NR. For example, the various V2X scenarios may includevehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, remote driving,or the like.

For example, based on the vehicle platooning, vehicles may move togetherby dynamically forming a group. For example, in order to perform platoonoperations based on the vehicle platooning, the vehicles belonging tothe group may receive periodic data from a leading vehicle. For example,the vehicles belonging to the group may decrease or increase an intervalbetween the vehicles by using the periodic data.

For example, based on the advanced driving, the vehicle may besemi-automated or fully automated. For example, each vehicle may adjusttrajectories or maneuvers, based on data obtained from a local sensor ofa proximity vehicle and/or a proximity logical entity. In addition, forexample, each vehicle may share driving intention with proximityvehicles.

For example, based on the extended sensors, raw data, processed data, orlive video data obtained through the local sensors may be exchangedbetween a vehicle, a logical entity, a UE of pedestrians, and/or a V2Xapplication server. Therefore, for example, the vehicle may recognize amore improved environment than an environment in which a self-sensor isused for detection.

For example, based on the remote driving, for a person who cannot driveor a remote vehicle in a dangerous environment, a remote driver or a V2Xapplication may operate or control the remote vehicle. For example, if aroute is predictable such as public transportation, cloud computingbased driving may be used for the operation or control of the remotevehicle. In addition, for example, an access for a cloud-based back-endservice platform may be considered for the remote driving.

Meanwhile, a scheme of specifying service requirements for various V2Xscenarios such as vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extendedsensors, remote driving, or the like is discussed in NR-based V2Xcommunication.

Technical Objects

The technical problem of the present disclosure is to provide a sidelink communication method between devices (or terminals) and a device(or terminal) performing the same.

Technical Solutions

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method forperforming wireless communication by a first apparatus is provided. Themethod includes: transmitting, to a base station, a message includingquality of service (QoS) profile information for the first apparatus andon-demand system information request, receiving, from the base station,QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer (SLRB) mapping information representingmapping relation between QoS flow and SLRB and transmitting a transportblock to a second apparatus based on a QoS flow for the first apparatusrelated to the QoS profile information and the QoS flow-SLRB mappinginformation.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first apparatusfor performing wireless communication is provided. The first apparatusmay include at least one memory to store instructions, at least onetransceiver, and at least one processor to connect the at least onememory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the at least oneprocessor may be configured to: control the at least one transceiver totransmit, to a base station, a message including quality of service(QoS) profile information for the first apparatus and on-demand systeminformation request, control the at least one transceiver to receive,from the base station, QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer (SLRB) mappinginformation representing mapping relation between QoS flow and SLRB, andcontrol the at least one transceiver to transmit a transport block to asecond apparatus based on a QoS flow for the first apparatus related tothe QoS profile information and the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus (orchip) configured to control a first terminal is provided. The apparatusmay include at least one processor and at least one computer memory thatis connected to be executable by the at least one processor and storesinstructions, wherein the at least one processor executes theinstructions to cause the first terminal to: transmit, to a basestation, a message including quality of service (QoS) profileinformation for the first apparatus and on-demand system informationrequest, receive, from the base station, QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer(SLRB) mapping information representing mapping relation between QoSflow and SLRB, and transmit a transport block to a second terminal basedon a QoS flow for the first apparatus related to the QoS profileinformation and the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium that stores instructions (orindications) is provided. When the instructions are executed, theinstructions cause a first apparatus to: transmit, to a base station, amessage including quality of service (QoS) profile information for thefirst apparatus and on-demand system information request, receive, fromthe base station, QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer (SLRB) mappinginformation representing mapping relation between QoS flow and SLRB, andtransmit a transport block to a second apparatus based on a QoS flow forthe first apparatus related to the QoS profile information and the QoSflow-SLRB mapping information.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method forperforming wireless communication by a second apparatus is provided. Themethod includes: receiving a transport block from a first apparatusbased on a QoS flow for the first apparatus and QoS flow-SLRB mappinginformation representng mapping relation between QoS flow and SLRB,wherein a message including QoS profile information for the firstapparatus related to the QoS flow and on-demand system informationrequest is transmitted from the first apparatus to a base station, andwherein the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information is transmitted from thebase station to the first apparatus.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a second apparatusfor performing wireless communication is provided. The second apparatusmay include at least one memory storing instructions, at least onetransceiver and at least one processor connected to the at least onememory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to: receive a transport block from a firstapparatus based on a QoS flow for the first apparatus and QoS flow-SLRBmapping information representng mapping relation between QoS flow andSLRB, wherein a message including QoS profile information for the firstapparatus related to the QoS flow and on-demand system informationrequest is transmitted from the first apparatus to a base station, andwherein the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information is transmitted from thebase station to the first apparatus.

EFFECTS OF THE DISCLOSURE

According to the present disclosure, a UE (or apparatus) may efficientlyperform SL communication.

According to the present disclosure, QoS parameters generated at the UEmay be reported to the base station in an RRC IDLE or an RRC INACTIVEstate.

According to the present disclosure, grouping of UEs with similar QoScharacteristics in a validity area may enable efficient delivery ofQoS-to-SLRB mapping information and save on broadcast system informationsignalling overhead.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a drawing for describing V2X communication based on NR,compared to V2X communication based on RAT used before NR.

FIG. 2 shows a structure of an NR system in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 shows a functional division between an NG-RAN and a 5GC inaccordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show a radio protocol architecture in accordancewith an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 shows a structure of an NR system in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 shows a structure of a slot of an NR frame in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 shows an example of a BWP in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B show a radio protocol architecture for a SLcommunication in accordance with an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 9 shows a UE performing V2X or SL communication in accordance withan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B show a procedure of performing V2X or SLcommunication by a UE based on a transmission mode in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11A through FIG. 11C show three cast types in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 shows an example of wireless communication in RRC IDLE or RRCINACTIVE state.

FIG. 13 shows another example of wireless communication in RRC IDLE orRRC INACTIVE state performed by apparatuses in a same validity area.

FIG. 14 shows an example of wireless communication in RRC IDLE or RRCINACTIVE state performed by a first apparatus, a second apparatus and abase station.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a first apparatusin accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a second apparatusin accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 shows a communication system in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 18 shows wireless devices in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 19 shows a signal process circuit for a transmission signal inaccordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 shows a wireless device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 21 shows a hand-held device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 22 shows a car or an autonomous vehicle in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

In the present specification, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B” or“both A and B.” In other words, in the present specification, “A or B”may be interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, in the presentspecification, “A, B, or C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or“any combination of A, B, C”.

A slash (/) or comma used in the present specification may mean“and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B”may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C”may mean “A, B, or C”.

In the present specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “onlyA”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, in the presentspecification, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least oneof A and/or B” may be interpreted as “at least one of A and B”.

In addition, in the present specification, “at least one of A, B, and C”may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, andC”. In addition, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B,and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C”.

In addition, a parenthesis used in the present specification may mean“for example”. Specifically, when indicated as “control information(PDCCH)”, it may mean that “PDCCH” is proposed as an example of the“control information”. In other words, the “control information” of thepresent specification is not limited to “PDCCH”, and “PDDCH” may beproposed as an example of the “control information”. In addition, whenindicated as “control information (i.e., PDCCH)”, it may also mean that“PDCCH” is proposed as an example of the “control information”.

A technical feature described individually in one figure in the presentspecification may be individually implemented, or may be simultaneouslyimplemented.

The technology described below may be used in various wirelesscommunication systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA),frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access(TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), singlecarrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), and the like. TheCDMA may be implemented with a radio technology, such as universalterrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. The TDMA may beimplemented with a radio technology, such as global system for mobilecommunications (GSM)/general packet ratio service (GPRS)/enhanced datarate for GSM evolution (EDGE). The OFDMA may be implemented with a radiotechnology, such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers(IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, evolved UTRA(E-UTRA), and the like. IEEE 802.16m is an evolved version of IEEE802.16e and provides backward compatibility with a system based on theIEEE 802.16e. The UTRA is part of a universal mobile telecommunicationsystem (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long termevolution (LTE) is part of an evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using the E-UTRA.The 3GPP LTE uses the OFDMA in a downlink and uses the SC-FDMA in anuplink. LTE-advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of the LTE.

5G NR is a successive technology of LTE-A corresponding to a newClean-slate type mobile communication system having the characteristicsof high performance, low latency, high availability, and the like. 5G NRmay use resources of all spectrum available for usage including lowfrequency bands of less than 1 GHz, middle frequency bands ranging from1 GHz to 10 GHz, high frequency (millimeter waves) of 24 GHz or more,and the like.

For clarity in the description, the following description will mostlyfocus on LTE-A or 5G NR. However, technical features according to anembodiment of the present disclosure will not be limited only to this.

FIG. 2 shows a structure of an NR system in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may becombined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a next generation-radio access network (NG-RAN)may include a BS 20 providing a UE 10 with a user plane and controlplane protocol termination. For example, the BS 20 may include a nextgeneration-Node B (gNB) and/or an evolved-NodeB (eNB). For example, theUE 10 may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to as other terms, suchas a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriber station(SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, and the like. Forexample, the BS may be referred to as a fixed station which communicateswith the UE 10 and may be referred to as other terms, such as a basetransceiver system (BTS), an access point (AP), and the like.

The embodiment of FIG. 2 exemplifies a case where only the gNB isincluded. The BSs 20 may be connected to one another via Xn interface.The BS 20 may be connected to one another via 5th generation (5G) corenetwork (5GC) and NG interface. More specifically, the BSs 20 may beconnected to an access and mobility management function (AMF) 30 viaNG-C interface, and may be connected to a user plane function (UPF) 30via NG-U interface.

FIG. 3 shows a functional division between an NG-RAN and a 5GC inaccordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the gNB may provide functions, such as Inter CellRadio Resource Management (RRM), Radio Bearer (RB) control, ConnectionMobility Control, Radio Admission Control, Measurement Configuration &Provision, Dynamic Resource Allocation, and the like. An AMF may providefunctions, such as non access stratum (NAS) security, idle statemobility processing, and the like. A UPF may provide functions, such asmobility anchoring, protocol data unit (PDU) processing, and the like. Asession management function (SMF) may provide functions, such as userequipment (UE) Internet protocol (IP) address allocation, PDU sessioncontrol, and the like.

Layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network canbe classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a thirdlayer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open systeminterconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communicationsystem. Among them, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layerprovides an information transfer service by using a physical channel,and a radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layerserves to control a radio resource between the UE and the network. Forthis, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message between the UE and the BS.

FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show a radio protocol architecture in accordancewith an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The embodiments of FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B may be combined with variousembodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 4A shows aradio protocol architecture for a user plane, and FIG. 4B shows a radioprotocol architecture for a control plane. The user plane corresponds toa protocol stack for user data transmission, and the control planecorresponds to a protocol stack for control signal transmission.

Referring to FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, a physical layer provides an upperlayer with an information transfer service through a physical channel.The physical layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layerwhich is an upper layer of the physical layer through a transportchannel Data is transferred between the MAC layer and the physical layerthrough the transport channel. The transport channel is classifiedaccording to how and with what characteristics data is transmittedthrough a radio interface.

Between different physical layers, i.e., a physical layer of atransmitter and a physical layer of a receiver, data are transferredthrough the physical channel. The physical channel is modulated using anorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and utilizestime and frequency as a radio resource.

The MAC layer provides services to a radio link control (RLC) layer,which is a higher layer of the MAC layer, via a logical channel. The MAClayer provides a function of mapping multiple logical channels tomultiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides a function oflogical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to asingle transport channel. The MAC layer provides data transfer servicesover logical channels.

The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly ofRadio Link Control Service Data Unit (RLC SDU). In order to ensurediverse quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), theRLC layer provides three types of operation modes, i.e., a transparentmode (TM), an unacknowledged mode (UM), and an acknowledged mode (AM).An AM RLC provides error correction through an automatic repeat request(ARQ).

A radio resource control (RRC) layer is defined only in the controlplane. The RRC layer serves to control the logical channel, thetransport channel, and the physical channel in association withconfiguration, reconfiguration and release of RBs. The RB is a logicalpath provided by the first layer (i.e., the physical layer or the PHYlayer) and the second layer (i.e., the MAC layer, the RLC layer, and thepacket data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer) for data delivery betweenthe UE and the network.

Functions of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer in the userplane include user data delivery, header compression, and ciphering.Functions of a PDCP layer in the control plane include control-planedata delivery and ciphering/integrity protection.

A service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in auser plane. The SDAP layer performs mapping between a Quality of Service(QoS) flow and a data radio bearer (DRB) and QoS flow ID (QFI) markingin both DL and UL packets.

The configuration of the RB implies a process for specifying a radioprotocol layer and channel properties to provide a particular serviceand for determining respective detailed parameters and operations. TheRB can be classified into two types, i.e., a signaling RB (SRB) and adata RB (DRB). The SRB is used as a path for transmitting an RRC messagein the control plane. The DRB is used as a path for transmitting userdata in the user plane.

When an RRC connection is established between an RRC layer of the UE andan RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in an RRC_CONNECTED state, and,otherwise, the UE may be in an RRC_IDLE state. In case of the NR, anRRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a UE being in theRRC_INACTIVE state may maintain its connection with a core networkwhereas its connection with the BS is released.

Data is transmitted from the network to the UE through a downlinktransport channel Examples of the downlink transport channel include abroadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and adownlink-shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or controlmessages. Traffic of downlink multicast or broadcast services or thecontrol messages can be transmitted on the downlink-SCH or an additionaldownlink multicast channel (MCH). Data is transmitted from the UE to thenetwork through an uplink transport channel. Examples of the uplinktransport channel include a random access channel (RACH) fortransmitting an initial control message and an uplink SCH fortransmitting user traffic or control messages.

Examples of logical channels belonging to a higher channel of thetransport channel and mapped onto the transport channels include abroadcast channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a commoncontrol channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), a multicasttraffic channel (MTCH), or the like

The physical channel includes several OFDM symbols in a time domain andseveral sub-carriers in a frequency domain. One sub-frame includes aplurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. A resource block is a unitof resource allocation, and consists of a plurality of OFDM symbols anda plurality of sub-carriers. Further, each subframe may use specificsub-carriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., a first OFDM symbol) of acorresponding subframe for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH),i.e., an L1/L2 control channel A transmission time interval (TTI) is aunit time of subframe transmission.

FIG. 5 shows a structure of an NR system in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may becombined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 5 , in the NR, a radio frame may be used forperforming uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a lengthof 10 ms and may be defined to be configured of two half-frames (HFs). Ahalf-frame may include five lms subframes (SFs). A subframe (SF) may bedivided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within asubframe may be determined in accordance with subcarrier spacing (SCS).Each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclicprefix (CP).

In case of using a normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols. In caseof using an extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. Here, asymbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and a SingleCarrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbol (or Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM(DFT-s-OFDM) symbol).

Table 1 shown below represents an example of a number of symbols perslot (N^(slot) _(symb)), a number slots per frame (N^(frame,u) _(slot)),and a number of slots per subframe (N^(subframe,u) _(slot)) inaccordance with an SCS configuration (u), in a case where a normal CP isused.

TABLE 1 SCS (15*2^(u)) N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame, u) _(slot)N^(subframe, u) _(slot) 15 KHz (u = 0) 14 10 1 30 KHz (u = 1) 14 20 2 60KHz (u = 2) 14 40 4 120 KHz (u = 3)  14 80 8 240 KHz (u = 4)  14 160 16

Table 2 shows an example of a number of symbols per slot, a number ofslots per frame, and a number of slots per subframe in accordance withthe SCS, in a case where an extended CP is used.

TABLE 2 SCS (15*2^(u)) N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame, u) _(slot)N^(subframe, u) _(slot) 60 KHz (u = 2) 12 40 4

In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, and thelike) between multiple cells being integrate to one UE may bedifferently configured. Accordingly, a (absolute time) duration (orsection) of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot or TTI) (collectivelyreferred to as a time unit (TU) for simplicity) being configured of thesame number of symbols may be differently configured in the integratedcells.

In the NR, multiple numerologies or SCSs for supporting diverse 5Gservices may be supported. For example, in case an SCS is 15 kHz, a widearea of the conventional cellular bands may be supported, and, in casean SCS is 30 kHz/60 kHz a dense-urban, lower latency, wider carrierbandwidth may be supported. In case the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, abandwidth that is greater than 24.25 GHz may be used in order toovercome phase noise.

An NR frequency band may be defined as two different types of frequencyranges. The two different types of frequency ranges may be FR1 and FR2.The values of the frequency ranges may be changed (or varied), and, forexample, the two different types of frequency ranges may be as shownbelow in Table A3. Among the frequency ranges that are used in an NRsystem, FR1 may mean a “sub 6 GHz range”, and FR2 may mean an “above 6GHz range” and may also be referred to as a millimeter wave (mmW).

TABLE 3 Frequency Range Corresponding designation frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS) FR1  450 MHz-6000 MHz  15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

As described above, the values of the frequency ranges in the NR systemmay be changed (or varied). For example, as shown below in Table A4, FR1may include a band within a range of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz. Morespecifically, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900,5925 MHz, and the like) and higher. For example, a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, and the like) and higher being included inFR1 mat include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used fordiverse purposes, e.g., the unlicensed band for vehicle-specificcommunication (e.g., automated driving).

TABLE 4 Frequency Range Corresponding designation frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS) FR1  410 MHz-7125 MHz  15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

FIG. 6 shows a structure of a slot of an NR frame in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure. [89] Referring to FIG. 6 , a slotincludes a plurality of symbols in a time domain. For example, in caseof a normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols. However, in case of anextended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in case ofa normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols. However, in case of anextended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.

A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain. AResource Block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of consecutivesubcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A bandwidthpart (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (physical)resource blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain, and the BWP maycorrespond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, and the like). Acarrier may include a maximum of N number BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Datacommunication may be performed via an activated BWP. Each element may bereferred to as a Resource Element (RE) within a resource grid and onecomplex symbol may be mapped to each element.

Meanwhile, a radio interface between a UE and another UE or a radiointerface between the UE and a network may consist of an L1 layer, an L2layer, and an L3 layer. In various embodiments of the presentdisclosure, the L1 layer may imply a physical layer. In addition, forexample, the L2 layer may imply at least one of a MAC layer, an RLClayer, a PDCP layer, and an SDAP layer. In addition, for example, the L3layer may imply an RRC layer.

Hereinafter, a bandwidth part (BWP) and a carrier will be described.

The BWP may be a set of consecutive physical resource blocks (PRBs) in agiven numerology. The PRB may be selected from consecutive sub-sets ofcommon resource blocks (CRBs) for the given numerology on a givencarrier.

When using bandwidth adaptation (BA), a reception bandwidth andtransmission bandwidth of a UE are not necessarily as large as abandwidth of a cell, and the reception bandwidth and transmissionbandwidth of the BS may be adjusted. For example, a network/BS mayinform the UE of bandwidth adjustment. For example, the UE receiveinformation/configuration for bandwidth adjustment from the network/BS.In this case, the UE may perform bandwidth adjustment based on thereceived information/configuration. For example, the bandwidthadjustment may include an increase/decrease of the bandwidth, a positionchange of the bandwidth, or a change in subcarrier spacing of thebandwidth.

For example, the bandwidth may be decreased during a period in whichactivity is low to save power. For example, the position of thebandwidth may move in a frequency domain. For example, the position ofthe bandwidth may move in the frequency domain to increase schedulingflexibility. For example, the subcarrier spacing of the bandwidth may bechanged. For example, the subcarrier spacing of the bandwidth may bechanged to allow a different service. A subset of a total cell bandwidthof a cell may be called a bandwidth part (BWP). The BA may be performedwhen the BS/network configures the BWP to the UE and the BS/networkinforms the UE of the BWP currently in an active state among theconfigured BWPs.

For example, the BWP may be at least any one of an active BWP, aninitial BWP, and/or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitordownlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than an active DL BWP on aprimary cell (PCell). For example, the UE may not receive PDCCH, PDSCH,or CSI-RS (excluding RRM) outside the active DL BWP. For example, the UEmay not trigger a channel state information (CSI) report for theinactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit PUCCH or PUSCHoutside an active UL BWP. For example, in a downlink case, the initialBWP may be given as a consecutive RB set for an RMSI CORESET (configuredby PBCH). For example, in an uplink case, the initial BWP may be givenby SIB for a random access procedure. For example, the default BWP maybe configured by a higher layer. For example, an initial value of thedefault BWP may be an initial DL BWP. For energy saving, if the UE failsto detect DCI during a specific period, the UE may switch the active BWPof the UE to the default BWP.

Meanwhile, the BWP may be defined for SL. The same SL BWP may be used intransmission and reception. For example, a transmitting UE may transmitan SL channel or an SL signal on a specific BWP, and a receiving UE mayreceive the SL channel or the SL signal on the specific BWP. In alicensed carrier, the SL BWP may be defined separately from a Uu BWP,and the SL BWP may have configuration signaling separate from the UuBWP. For example, the UE may receive a configuration for the SL BWP fromthe BS/network. The SL BWP may be (pre-)configured in a carrier withrespect to an out-of-coverage NR V2X UE and an RRC_IDLE UE. For the UEin the RRC_CONNECTED mode, at least one SL BWP may be activated in thecarrier.

FIG. 7 shows an example of a BWP in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined withvarious embodiments of the present disclosure. It is assumed in theembodiment of FIG. 7 that the number of BWPs is 3.

Referring to FIG. 7 , a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrierresource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other endthereof. In addition, the PRB may be a resource block numbered withineach BWP. A point A may indicate a common reference point for a resourceblock grid.

The BWP may be configured by a point A, an offset NstartBWP from thepoint A, and a bandwidth NsizeBWP. For example, the point A may be anexternal reference point of a PRB of a carrier in which a subcarrier 0of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by a network onthat carrier) is aligned. For example, the offset may be a PRB intervalbetween a lowest subcarrier and the point A in a given numerology. Forexample, the bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in the givennumerology.

Hereinafter, V2X or SL communication will be described.

FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B show a radio protocol architecture for a SLcommunication in accordance with an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

The embodiments of FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B may be combined with variousembodiments of the present disclosure. More specifically, FIG. 8A showsa user plane protocol stack, and FIG. 8B shows a control plane protocolstack.

Hereinafter, a sidelink synchronization signal (SLSS) andsynchronization information will be described.

The SLSS may include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS)and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS), as anSL-specific sequence. The PSSS may be referred to as a sidelink primarysynchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS may be referred to as asidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example,length-127 M-sequences may be used for the S-PSS, and length-127 goldsequences may be used for the S-SSS. For example, a UE may use the S-PSSfor initial signal detection and for synchronization acquisition. Forexample, the UE may use the S-PSS and the S-SSS for acquisition ofdetailed synchronization and for detection of a synchronization signalID.

A physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) may be a (broadcast)channel for transmitting default (system) information which must befirst known by the UE before SL signal transmission/reception. Forexample, the default information may be information related to SLSS, aduplex mode (DM), a time division duplex (TDD) uplink/downlink (UL/DL)configuration, information related to a resource pool, a type of anapplication related to the SLSS, a subframe offset, broadcastinformation, or the like. For example, for evaluation of PSBCHperformance, in NR V2X, a payload size of the PSBCH may be 56 bitsincluding 24-bit CRC.

The S-PSS, the S-SSS, and the PSBCH may be included in a block format(e.g., SL synchronization signal (SS)/PSBCH block, hereinafter,sidelink-synchronization signal block (S-SSB)) supporting periodicaltransmission. The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CPlength) as a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH)/physical sidelinkshared channel (PSSCH) in a carrier, and a transmission bandwidth mayexist within a (pre-)configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, theS-SSB may have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (RBs). For example, thePSBCH may exist across 11 RBs. In addition, a frequency position of theS-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Accordingly, the UE does not have toperform hypothesis detection at frequency to discover the S-SSB in thecarrier.

FIG. 9 shows a UE performing V2X or SL communication in accordance withan embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may becombined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 9 , in V2X or SL communication, the term ‘UE’ maygenerally imply a UE of a user. However, if a network equipment such asa BS transmits/receives a signal according to a communication schemebetween UEs, the BS may also be regarded as a sort of the UE. Forexample, a UE 1 may be a first apparatus 100, and a UE 2 may be a secondapparatus 200.

For example, the UE 1 may select a resource unit corresponding to aspecific resource in a resource pool which implies a set of series ofresources. In addition, the UE 1 may transmit an SL signal by using theresource unit. For example, a resource pool in which the UE 1 is capableof transmitting a signal may be configured to the UE 2 which is areceiving UE, and the signal of the UE 1 may be detected in the resourcepool.

Herein, if the UE 1 is within a connectivity range of the BS, the BS mayinform the UE 1 of the resource pool. Otherwise, if the UE 1 is out ofthe connectivity range of the BS, another UE may inform the UE 1 of theresource pool, or the UE 1 may use a pre-configured resource pool.

In general, the resource pool may be configured in unit of a pluralityof resources, and each UE may select a unit of one or a plurality ofresources to use it in SL signal transmission thereof.

Hereinafter, resource allocation in SL will be described.

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B show a procedure of performing V2X or SLcommunication by a UE based on a transmission mode in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure.

The embodiments of FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B may be combined with variousembodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments of thepresent disclosure, the transmission mode may be called a mode or aresource allocation mode. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation,in LTE, the transmission mode may be called an LTE transmission mode. InNR, the transmission mode may be called an NR resource allocation mode.

For example, FIG. 10A shows a UE operation related to an LTEtransmission mode 1 or an LTE transmission mode 3. Alternatively, forexample, FIG. 10A shows a UE operation related to an NR resourceallocation mode 1. For example, the LTE transmission mode 1 may beapplied to general SL communication, and the LTE transmission mode 3 maybe applied to V2X communication.

For example, FIG. 10B shows a UE operation related to an LTEtransmission mode 2 or an LTE transmission mode 4. Alternatively, forexample, FIG. 10B shows a UE operation related to an NR resourceallocation mode 2.

Referring to FIG. 10A, in the LTE transmission mode 1, the LTEtransmission mode 3, or the NR resource allocation mode 1, a BS mayschedule an SL resource to be used by the UE for SL transmission. Forexample, the BS may perform resource scheduling to a UE 1 through aPDCCH (more specifically, downlink control information (DCI)), and theUE lmay perform V2X or SL communication with respect to a UE 2 accordingto the resource scheduling. For example, the UE 1 may transmit asidelink control information (SCI) to the UE 2 through a physicalsidelink control channel (PSCCH), and thereafter transmit data based onthe SCI to the UE 2 through a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH).

Referring to FIG. 10B, in the LTE transmission mode 2, the LTEtransmission mode 4, or the NR resource allocation mode 2, the UE maydetermine an SL transmission resource within an SL resource configuredby a BS/network or a pre-configured SL resource. For example, theconfigured SL resource or the pre-configured SL resource may be aresource pool. For example, the UE may autonomously select or schedule aresource for SL transmission. For example, the UE may perform SLcommunication by autonomously selecting a resource within a configuredresource pool. For example, the UE may autonomously select a resourcewithin a selective window by performing a sensing and resource(re)selection procedure. For example, the sensing may be performed inunit of subchannels. In addition, the UE 1 which has autonomouslyselected the resource within the resource pool may transmit the SCI tothe UE 2 through a PSCCH, and thereafter may transmit data based on theSCI to the UE 2 through a PSSCH.

FIG. 11A through FIG. 11C show three cast types in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure.

The embodiments of FIG. 11A through FIG. 11C may be combined withvarious embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 11Ashows broadcast-type SL communication, FIG. 11B shows unicast type-SLcommunication, and FIG. 11C shows groupcast-type SL communication. Incase of the unicast-type SL communication, a UE may perform one-to-onecommunication with respect to another UE. In case of the groupcast-typeSL transmission, the UE may perform SL communication with respect to oneor more UEs in a group to which the UE belongs. In various embodimentsof the present disclosure, SL groupcast communication may be replacedwith SL multicast communication, SL one-to-many communication, or thelike.

Meanwhile, in sidelink communication, a UE may need to effectivelyselect a resource for sidelink transmission. Hereinafter, a method inwhich a UE effectively selects a resource for sidelink transmission andan apparatus supporting the method will be described according tovarious embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments ofthe present disclosure, the sidelink communication may include V2Xcommunication.

At least one scheme proposed according to various embodiments of thepresent disclosure may be applied to at least any one of unicastcommunication, groupcast communication, and/or broadcast communication.

At least one method proposed according to various embodiment of thepresent embodiment may apply not only to sidelink communication or V2Xcommunication based on a PC5 interface or an SL interface (e.g., PSCCH,PSSCH, PSBCH, PSSS/SSSS, or the like) or V2X communication but also tosidelink communication or V2X communication based on a Uu interface(e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, or the like).

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a receiving operationof a UE may include a decoding operation and/or receiving operation of asidelink channel and/or sidelink signal (e.g., PSCCH, PSSCH, PSFCH,PSBCH, PSSS/SSSS, or the like). The receiving operation of the UE mayinclude a decoding operation and/or receiving operation of a WAN DLchannel and/or a WAN DL signal (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, PSS/SSS, or thelike). The receiving operation of the UE may include a sensing operationand/or a CBR measurement operation. In various embodiments of thepresent disclosure, the sensing operation of the UE may include aPSSCH-RSRP measurement operation based on a PSSCH DM-RS sequence, aPSSCH-RSRP measurement operation based on a PSSCH DM-RS sequencescheduled by a PSCCH successfully decoded by the UE, a sidelink RSSU(S-RSSI) measurement operation, and an S-RSSI measurement operationbased on a V2X resource pool related subchannel. In various embodimentsof the disclosure, a transmitting operation of the UE may include atransmitting operation of a sidelink channel and/or a sidelink signal(e.g., PSCCH, PSSCH, PSFCH, PSBCH, PSSS/SSSS, or the like). Thetransmitting operation of the UE may include a transmitting operation ofa WAN UL channel and/or a WAN UL signal (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, or thelike). In various embodiments of the present disclosure, asynchronization signal may include SLSS and/or PSBCH.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a configuration mayinclude signaling, signaling from a network, a configuration from thenetwork, and/or a pre-configuration from the network. In variousembodiments of the present disclosure, a definition may includesignaling, signaling from a network, a configuration form the network,and/or a pre-configuration from the network. In various embodiment ofthe present disclosure, a designation may include signaling, signalingfrom a network, a configuration from the network, and/or apre-configuration from the network.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a ProSe per packetpriority (PPPP) may be replaced with a ProSe per packet reliability(PPPR), and the PPPR may be replaced with the PPPP. For example, it maymean that the smaller the PPPP value, the higher the priority, and thatthe greater the PPPP value, the lower the priority. For example, it maymean that the smaller the PPPR value, the higher the reliability, andthat the greater the PPPR value, the lower the reliability. For example,a PPPP value related to a service, packet, or message related to a highpriority may be smaller than a PPPP value related to a service, packet,or message related to a low priority. For example, a PPPR value relatedto a service, packet, or message related to a high reliability may besmaller than a PPPR value related to a service, packet, or messagerelated to a low reliability

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a session may includeat least any one of a unicast session (e.g., unicast session forsidelink), a groupcast/multicast session (e.g., groupcast/multicastsession for sidelink), and/or a broadcast session (e.g., broadcastsession for sidelink).

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a carrier may beinterpreted as at least any one of a BWP and/or a resource pool. Forexample, the carrier may include at least any one of the BWP and/or theresource pool. For example, the carrier may include one or more BWPs.For example, the BWP may include one or more resource pools.

In the case of NR Uu operation, packet filters within the user equipment(UE) associate uplink (UL) packets with quality of service (QoS) flowswhen performing UL transmission. The QoS flow comprises of a set of QoSparameters provided by 5G core (5GC) to NG-RAN and QoS rule(s) providedby 5GC to the UE at the non-access stratum (NAS) layer. The QoS flow ismapped to data radio bearer (DRB) configured by NG-RAN, based on QoSflow identifier (QFI) and the associated QoS parameters at the accessstratum (AS) layer. In the case of NR SL (NR V2X), the NG-RAN is notaware about the QoS parameters of each of the QoS flows generated at theUE, which is dependent on the packet filters.

For RRC_CONNECTED UEs, it has been agreed that the UE is to report theQoS profiles associated to each destination and thereafter the NG-RANprovides the UE with the QoS Flow to SLRB mapping. However, in the caseof RRC_IDLE/RRC_INACTIVE UEs there is currently no mechanism to informthe base station about the QoS parameters generated at the UE, withoutswitching to the RRC_CONNECTED state and reporting to the NG-RAN orapplying a default configuration.

In the case of RRC_IDLE/RRC_INACTIVE UEs, the NG-RAN provides the QoSFlow to sidelink radio bearer (SLRB) mapping based via the systeminformation block (SIB) configuration, but cannot deduce which QoSProfiles are associated to each destination since these parameters aregenerated at the UE. This is according to the following agreement takenduring the RAN2 #107 bis meeting where in order for the NG-RAN to knowabout the QoS parameters of each QoS flow, for all cast types, the UE isrequired to report the PC5 QoS parameters per QoS flow per destination.In addition, this is especially applicable for the delivery ofnon-standardized PDSCH rate matching and quasi-colocation indicator(PQI) values by the UE to the base station.

FIG. 12 shows an example of wireless communication in RRC IDLE or RRCINACTIVE state.

In an embodiment, in NR Uu operation, both UE and NG-RAN are aware aboutQoS profiles corresponding to a QoS flow indicator (QFI). This isdifferent from SL operations where the UE derives the PC5 QoS parametersfor the PC5 QoS flow and assigns a PC5 flow indicator (PFI) for the PC5QoS flow.

In an example, it has been agreed according to 3GPP RAN2 discussions,that a UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state may report the PC5 QoS parameterscorresponding to a particular QoS flow to the NG-RAN (i.e. the gNB). TheQoS parameters to be reported include:

-   -   i) PQI: for unicast, broadcast and groupcast    -   ii) PC5 flow bit rates (GFBR/MFBR) for GBR QoS flows: for GBR        QoS flows in unicast    -   iii) Range: for groupcast

The above QoS parameters can be gathered into a QoS profile, which canbe associated to a particular flow.

However, an open issue involves the QoS reporting mechanism for a UE inthe RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, since the UE has no active link orconnection with the base station. The present disclosure aims to providea solution using existing signalling mechanisms to convey the PC5 QoSparameters to the gNB (NG-RAN), which can result in optimal mapping of aUE's QoS profile to the corresponding SLRB.

In an embodiment, two generic signalling mechanisms may be proposed inwhich a UE may provide sidelink information to the base station, whileoperating in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE mode:

a. Using existing signalling and message structure, i.e. the sidelinkinformation may be conveyed using existing on-demand SI requestsignalling. In other words, the sidelink information may be conveyedtogether with the on-demand SI request based on the MSG1/MSG3 RandomAccess Channel (RACH) initial access procedure.

b. A dedicated on-demand sidelink information message to convey sidelinkinformation using for example, using a new message based on theMSG1/MSG3 Random Access Channel (RACH) initial access procedure.

c. The sidelink information may comprise of interested frequencies onwhich to transmit and receive sidelink information, list of destinations(destination index), synchronization references, QoS information,discovery message transmission settings, cast type, sidelink relatedmeasurements and configurations.

In an embodiment, a method is proposed wherein a UE may report its ownPC5 QoS Parameters per QoS Flow per destination to the NG-RAN using theon-demand SI request message signalling mechanism in NR Rel-15. FIG. 12shows an exemplary diagram of the procedure in which a UE may report theQoS-related information to the base station (NG-RAN), while in RRC_IDLEor RRC_INACTIVE mode.

The systematic steps of FIG. 12 are outlined as follows:

In step S1210, the UE is in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. In anexample, the UE may enter into the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.

In step S1220, the UE may transmit a message including on-demand systeminformation (SI) request and/or QoS information to the NG_RAN. In anexample, the source (transmitting) UE may report its PC5 QoS Parametersper QoS Flow per destination using first message (MSG1) or third message(MSG3) on-demand SI request signalling. This can be in the form of anQoS profile identifier (ID) corresponding to a particular QoS profileper destination. The ID has the advantage of reducing signallingoverhead and avoiding the need to report the QoS profile withoverlapping parameters. Table 5 represents the exemplary mapping betweenthe ID and QoS profile(s):

TABLE 5 Source Destination QoS Profile ID (Tx) UE UE QoS Flow A1 UE1 UE2QoS Profile 1-1; QoS Profile 1-2; QoS Profile 1-3 A2 UE1 UE2 QoS Profile1-1; B1 UE1 UE3 QoS Profile 2-1; QoS Profile 2-2

According to Table 5, it can be noted that the QoS profile ID can besignaled together with on-demand SI request, which encapsulates the QoSflow per destination. Note that the source and destination UEs may berepresented in the form of a Layer-2 source and destination IDs,respectively. Alternatively, all the QoS profiles per QoS flow may alsobe signaled along with the on-demand SI request.

In step S1230, the UE may receive V2X system information including QoSflow-SLRB mapping information (in other words, QoS-flow-to-SLRB mappingconfiguration, QoS flow-SLRB configuration, QoS flow-SLRB configurationinformation, etc) from the base station. In an example, the NG-RAN (basestation) signals the corresponding QoS-flow-to-SLRB mappingconfiguration to the UE via the V2X system information using unicast orbroadcast.

FIG. 13 shows another example of wireless communication in RRC IDLE orRRC INACTIVE state performed by apparatuses in a same validity area.

In one embodiment, if the NG-RAN (base station) receives multipleon-demand SI requests with similar PC5 QoS Parameters per QoS Flow perdestination from different UEs, the NG-RAN node can group the QoS flowsto common SLRBs and provide the configuration to the UEs within avalidity area. The validity area ensures that the QoS-flow-to-SLRBmapping configuration is only valid to a group of UEs situated in thisvalidity area. In NR, the validity area is identified by thesysteminformationArealD information element, which is transmitted alongwith the system information. FIG. 13 shows the exemplary signallingchart for the procedure:

In step S1310, the UEs in a same system information validity area may bein RRC IDLE or RRC INACTIVE state.

In step S1320, the UEs in the same system information validity area maytransmit messages including on-demand SI request and/or QoS informationto the NG_RAN. That is, the UE_1, the UE_2 and the UE_3 in FIG. 13 maytransmit messages including on-demand SI request and/or QoS informationto the NG_RAN.

In step S1330, the UEs the same system information validity area mayreceive V2X information including common QoS flow_SLRB mappinginformation from the NG_RAN.

The steps are similar to that of FIG. 12 , with only difference thatmultiple UEs within the validity area with a common QoS-Flow-to-SLRBmapping will receive the configuration.

TABLE 6 QoS Destin- Profile Source ation Validity Area ID (Tx) UE UE QoSFlow systemInforma- A1 UE1 UE2 QoS Profile 1-1; tionAreaID 1 A2 UE2 UE1QoS Profile 2-1; B1 UE3 UE4 QoS Profile 3-1; systemInforma- C1 UE5 UE6QoS Profile 4-1; tionAreaID 2 D1 UE7 UE8 QoS Profile 5-1; E1 UE9 UE10QoS Profile 6-1;

Referring to Table 6, QoS Profile 1-1, QoS Profile 2-1 and QoS Profile3-1 have similar characteristics and QoS Profile 4-1, QoS Profile 5-1and QoS Profile 6-1 are similar as well, these profiles can be groupedinto a common (group) QoS flow. The base station can then provide UE1,UE2 and UE3 with a common QoS-flow-to-SLRB configuration via broadcastV2X system information. Similarly UE5, UE7, UE9 can be provided with acommon QoS-flow-to-SLRB configuration.

Data unit(s) (e.g. PDCP SDU, PDCP PDU, RLC SDU, RLC PDU, RLC SDU, MACSDU, MAC CE, MAC PDU) in the present disclosure is(are)transmitted/received on a physical channel (e.g. PDSCH, PUSCH) based onresource allocation (e.g. UL grant, DL assignment). In the presentdisclosure, uplink resource allocation is also referred to as uplinkgrant, and downlink resource allocation is also referred to as downlinkassignment. The resource allocation includes time domain resourceallocation and frequency domain resource allocation. In the presentdisclosure, an uplink grant is either received by the UE dynamically onPDCCH, in a Random Access Response, or configured to the UEsemi-persistently by RRC. In the present disclosure, downlink assignmentis either received by the UE dynamically on the PDCCH, or configured tothe UE semi-persistently by RRC signalling from the BS.

According to the present disclosure, QoS parameters generated at the UEmay be reported to the base station in an RRC IDLE or an RRC INACTIVEstate.

According to the present disclosure, grouping of UEs with similar QoScharacteristics in a validity area may enable efficient delivery ofQoS-to-SLRB mapping information and save on broadcast system informationsignalling overhead.

FIG. 14 shows an example of wireless communication in RRC IDLE or RRCINACTIVE state performed by a first apparatus, a second apparatus and abase station.

In one embodiment, the first apparatus in FIG. 14 may correspond to thefirst apparatus in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 , or the UE in FIG. 12 and FIG.13 . And the second apparatus in FIG. 14 may correspond to the secondapparatus in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 . Also, the base station in FIG. 14 maycorrespond to the NR-RAN or the base station in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 orthe base station in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 .

In step S1410, the first apparatus may transmit a message including QoSprofile information for the first apparatus and on-demand systeminformation request to the base station.

In step S1420, the first apparatus may receive QoS flow-SLRB mappinginformation from the base station.

In step S1430, the first apparatus may transmit a transport block basedon a QoS flow for the first apparatus and QoS flow-SLRB mappinginformation.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a first apparatusin accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Operations disclosed in the flowchart of FIG. 15 may be performed incombination with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In oneexample, the operations disclosed in the flowchart of FIG. 15 may beperformed based on at least one of the devices illustrated in FIG. 17through FIG. 22 . In another example, the operations disclosed in theflowchart of FIG. 15 may be performed in combination with the individualoperations of the embodiments disclosed in FIG. 12 through FIG. 14 byvarious methods.

In one example, the first apparatus and/or a second apparatus of FIG. 15may correspond to a first wireless device 100 of FIG. 18 describedbelow. In another example, the first apparatus and/or the secondapparatus of FIG. 15 may correspond to a second wireless device 200 ofFIG. 18 described below.

In step S1510, the first apparatus may transmit, to a base station, amessage including quality of service (QoS) profile information for thefirst apparatus and on-demand system information request.

In step S1520, the first apparatus may receive, from the base station,QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer (SLRB) mapping information representingmapping relation between QoS flow and SLRB.

In step S1530, the first apparatus may transmit a transport block to asecond apparatus based on a QoS flow for the first apparatus related tothe QoS profile information and the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information.

In one embodiment, the message may be transmitted to the base station inradio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE state or RRC IDLE state.

In one embodiment, the message may be transmitted to the secondapparatus based on first message (MSG1) random access channel (RACH) orthird message (MSG3).

In an example, when the message is transmitted to the second apparatusbased on the MSG1 RACH, the QoS profile information and the on-demandsystem information request may be included in one preamble of the MSG1RACH. That is, the one preamble may deliver the QoS profile informationand the on-demand system information request to the second apparatus.

In an example, when the message is transmitted to the second apparatusbased on the MSG3, the QoS profile information may be included in afirst preamble of the MSG3 and the on-demand system information requestmay be included in a second preamble of the MSG3 which is different fromthe first preamble.

In one embodiment, the message may include at least one of interestedfrequencies on which to transmit or receive sidelink information, a listof destinations, synchronization references, discovery messagetransmission settings, cast type, sidelink related measurements orsidelink related configurations.

In one embodiment, the QoS profile information may represent QoS profileidentification (ID) information, a QoS profile or PC5 QoS parameters perQoS flow per destination. In an example, the QoS profile may berepresented as QoS profile per destination.

In one embodiment, the QoS flow for the first apparatus and a QoS flowfor a third apparatus located within a same validity area may be groupedinto a common QoS flow.

In one embodiment, the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information may include acommon QoS flow-SLRB configuration for mapping the common QoS flow withthe SLRB.

In one embodiment, the common QoS flow-SLRB configuration may be validto at least one apparatus which is located in the same validity area.

In one embodiment, a first vehicle-to-everyting (V2X) system informationmay be transmitted from the base station to the first apparatus and asecond V2X system information is transmitted from the base station tothe second apparatus. The first system information and the second systeminformation may include same validity area ID.

In one embodiment, a V2X system information transmitted from the basestation to the first apparatus may include the QoS flow-SLRB mappinginformation.

In one embodiment, the V2X system information may be transmitted fromthe base station to the first apparatus based on a unicast communicationor a broadcast communication.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a first apparatusfor performing wireless communication is provided. The first apparatusmay include at least one memory to store instructions, at least onetransceiver, and at least one processor to connect the at least onememory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the at least oneprocessor may control the at least one transceiver to transmit, to abase station, a message including quality of service (QoS) profileinformation for the first apparatus and on-demand system informationrequest, control the at least one transceiver to receive, from the basestation, QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer (SLRB) mapping informationrepresenting mapping relation between QoS flow and SLRB, and control theat least one transceiver to transmit a transport block to a secondapparatus based on a QoS flow for the first apparatus related to the QoSprofile information and the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an apparatus (orchip) configured to control a first terminal is provided. The apparatusmay include at least one processor and at least one computer memory thatis connected to be executable by the at least one processor and storesinstructions, wherein the at least one processor executes theinstructions to cause the first terminal to: transmit, to a basestation, a message including quality of service (QoS) profileinformation for the first apparatus and on-demand system informationrequest, receive, from the base station, QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer(SLRB) mapping information representing mapping relation between QoSflow and SLRB, and transmit a transport block to a second terminal basedon a QoS flow for the first apparatus related to the QoS profileinformation and the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information.

In one example, the first terminal of the embodiment may indicate thefirst apparatus described throughout the present disclosure. In oneexample, each of the at least one processor, the at least one memory,and the like in the apparatus for controlling the first terminal may beconfigured as a separate sub-chip, or at least two components thereofmay be configured through a single sub-chip.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium that stores instructions (orindications) is provided. When the instructions are executed, theinstructions cause a first apparatus to: transmit, to a base station, amessage including quality of service (QoS) profile information for thefirst apparatus and on-demand system information request, receive, fromthe base station, QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer (SLRB) mappinginformation representing mapping relation between QoS flow and SLRB, andtransmit a transport block to a second apparatus based on a QoS flow forthe first apparatus related to the QoS profile information and the QoSflow-SLRB mapping information.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a second apparatusin accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Operations disclosed in the flowchart of FIG. 16 may be performed incombination with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In oneexample, the operations disclosed in the flowchart of FIG. 16 may beperformed based on at least one of the devices illustrated in FIG. 17through FIG. 22 . In another example, the operations disclosed in theflowchart of FIG. 16 may be performed in combination with the individualoperations of the embodiments disclosed in FIG. 12 through FIG. 14 byvarious methods.

In one example, the first apparatus and/or a second apparatus of FIG. 16may correspond to a second wireless device 200 of FIG. 18 describedbelow. In another example, the first apparatus and/or the secondapparatus of FIG. 16 may correspond to a first wireless device 100 ofFIG. 18 described below.

In step S1610, the second apparatus may receive a transport block from afirst apparatus based on a QoS flow for the first apparatus and QoSflow-SLRB mapping information representng mapping relation between QoSflow and SLRB.

In one embodiment, a message including QoS profile information for thefirst apparatus related to the QoS flow and on-demand system informationrequest may be transmitted from the first apparatus to a base station.

In one embodiment, the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information may betransmitted from the base station to the first apparatus.

In one embodiment, the message may be transmitted to the base station inradio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE state or RRC IDLE state.

In one embodiment, the message may be transmitted to the secondapparatus based on first message (MSG1) random access channel (RACH) orthird message (MSG3).

In one embodiment, the message may include at least one of interestedfrequencies on which to transmit or receive sidelink information, a listof destinations, synchronization references, discovery messagetransmission settings, cast type, sidelink related measurements orsidelink related configurations.

In one embodiment, the QoS profile information may represent QoS profileidentification (ID) information or a QoS profile.

In one embodiment, the QoS flow for the first apparatus and a QoS flowfor a third apparatus located within a same validity area may be groupedinto a common QoS flow.

In one embodiment, the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information may include acommon QoS flow-SLRB configuration for mapping the common QoS flow withthe SLRB.

In one embodiment, the common QoS flow-SLRB configuration may be validto at least one apparatus which is located in the same validity area.

In one embodiment, a first vehicle-to-everyting (V2X) system informationmay be transmitted from the base station to the first apparatus and asecond V2X system information is transmitted from the base station tothe second apparatus. The first system information and the second systeminformation may include same validity area ID.

In one embodiment, a V2X system information transmitted from the basestation to the first apparatus may include the QoS flow-SLRB mappinginformation.

In one embodiment, the V2X system information may be transmitted fromthe base station to the first apparatus based on a unicast communicationor a broadcast communication.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a second apparatusfor performing wireless communication is provided. The second apparatusmay include at least one memory storing instructions, at least onetransceiver and at least one processor connected to the at least onememory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the at least oneprocessor is configured to: receive a transport block from a firstapparatus based on a QoS flow for the first apparatus and QoS flow-SLRBmapping information representng mapping relation between QoS flow andSLRB, wherein a message including QoS profile information for the firstapparatus related to the QoS flow and on-demand system informationrequest is transmitted from the first apparatus to a base station, andwherein the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information is transmitted from thebase station to the first apparatus.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be independentlyimplemented. Alternatively, the various embodiments of the presentdisclosure may be implemented by being combined or merged. For example,although the various embodiments of the present disclosure have beendescribed based on the 3GPP LTE system for convenience of explanation,the various embodiments of the present disclosure may also be extendedlyapplied to another system other than the 3GPP LTE system. For example,the various embodiments of the present disclosure may also be used in anuplink or downlink case without being limited only to directcommunication between terminals. In this case, a base station, a relaynode, or the like may use the proposed method according to variousembodiments of the present disclosure. For example, it may be definedthat information on whether to apply the method according to variousembodiments of the present disclosure is reported by the base station tothe terminal or by a transmitting terminal to a receiving terminalthrough pre-defined signaling (e.g., physical layer signaling or higherlayer signaling). For example, it may be defined that information on arule according to various embodiments of the present disclosure isreported by the base station to the terminal or by a transmittingterminal to a receiving terminal through pre-defined signaling (e.g.,physical layer signaling or higher layer signaling). For example, someembodiments among various embodiments of the present disclosure may beapplied limitedly only to a resource allocation mode 1. For example,some embodiments among various embodiments of the present disclosure maybe applied limitedly only to a resource allocation mode 2.

Hereinafter, an apparatus to which various embodiments of the presentdisclosure can be applied will be described.

The various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods,and/or operational flowcharts of the present disclosure described inthis document may be applied to, without being limited to, a variety offields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) betweendevices.

Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with referenceto the drawings. In the following drawings/description, the samereference symbols may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks,software blocks, or functional blocks unless described otherwise.

FIG. 17 shows a communication system 1 in accordance with an embodimentof the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 17 , a communication system 1 to which variousembodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes wirelessdevices, Base Stations (BSs), and a network. Herein, the wirelessdevices represent devices performing communication using radio accesstechnology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new rat (NR)) or long-term evolution (LTE))and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices. The wirelessdevices may include, without being limited to, a robot 100 a, vehicles100 b-1 and 100 b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100 c, a hand-helddevice 100 d, a home appliance 100 e, an Internet of things (IoT) device100 f, and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) device/server 400. Forexample, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wirelesscommunication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable ofperforming communication between vehicles. Herein, the vehicles mayinclude an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR devicemay include an augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/Mixed Reality(MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device(HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, asmartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, adigital signage, a vehicle, a robot, or the like The hand-held devicemay include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., asmartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). Thehome appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine.The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter. For example, theBSs and the network may be implemented as wireless devices and aspecific wireless device 200 a may operate as a BS/network node withrespect to other wireless devices.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices100 a to 100 f and the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connectedto the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may beconfigured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g.,NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f maycommunicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300, thewireless devices 100 a to 100 f may perform direct communication (e.g.,sidelink communication) with each other without passing through theBSs/network. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2 may performdirect communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)/vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g.,a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g.,sensors) or other wireless devices 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communication/connections 150 a, 150 b, or 150 c may beestablished between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f/BS 200, or BS200/BS 200. Herein, the wireless communication/connections may beestablished through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlinkcommunication 150 a, sidelink communication 150 b (or, D2Dcommunication), or inter BS communication (e.g., relay, IntegratedAccess Backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the BSs/the wirelessdevices may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each other throughthe wireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b. For example, thewireless communication/connections 150 a and 150 b may transmit/receivesignals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a partof various configuration information configuring processes, varioussignal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding,modulation/demodulation, and resource mapping/demapping), and resourceallocating processes, for transmitting/receiving radio signals, may beperformed based on the various proposals of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 shows wireless devices in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 18 , a first wireless device 100 and a second wirelessdevice 200 may transmit radio signals through a variety of RATs (e.g.,LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device 100 and the secondwireless device 200} may correspond to {the wireless device 100 x andthe BS 200} and/or {the wireless device 100 x and the wireless device100 x} of FIG. 17 .

The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 andone or more memories 104 and additionally further include one or moretransceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102may control the memory(s) 104 and/or the transceiver(s) 106 and may beconfigured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument. For example, the processor(s) 102 may process informationwithin the memory(s) 104 to generate first information/signals and thentransmit radio signals including the first information/signals throughthe transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 may receive radio signalsincluding second information/signals through the transceiver 106 andthen store information obtained by processing the secondinformation/signals in the memory(s) 104. The memory(s) 104 may beconnected to the processor(s) 102 and may store a variety of informationrelated to operations of the processor(s) 102. For example, thememory(s) 104 may store software code including commands for performinga part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 102or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.Herein, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(s) 104 may be a part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE orNR). The transceiver(s) 106 may be connected to the processor(s) 102 andtransmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108.Each of the transceiver(s) 106 may include a transmitter and/or areceiver. The transceiver(s) 106 may be interchangeably used with RadioFrequency (RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless devicemay represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202and one or more memories 204 and additionally further include one ormore transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s)202 may control the memory(s) 204 and/or the transceiver(s) 206 and maybe configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument. For example, the processor(s) 202 may process informationwithin the memory(s) 204 to generate third information/signals and thentransmit radio signals including the third information/signals throughthe transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 may receive radio signalsincluding fourth information/signals through the transceiver(s) 106 andthen store information obtained by processing the fourthinformation/signals in the memory(s) 204. The memory(s) 204 may beconnected to the processor(s) 202 and may store a variety of informationrelated to operations of the processor(s) 202. For example, thememory(s) 204 may store software code including commands for performinga part or the entirety of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.Herein, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(s) 204 may be a part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE orNR). The transceiver(s) 206 may be connected to the processor(s) 202 andtransmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208.Each of the transceiver(s) 206 may include a transmitter and/or areceiver. The transceiver(s) 206 may be interchangeably used with RFunit(s). In the present disclosure, the wireless device may represent acommunication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 willbe described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may beimplemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implementone or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP,RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors 102 and 202 may generate oneor more protocol data units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Unit(SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, controlinformation, data, or information according to the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document. The one or more processors 102 and 202 maygenerate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs,messages, control information, data, or information according to thedescriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in this document and provide thegenerated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. The oneor more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g., basebandsignals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and acquire thePDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or informationaccording to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.

The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to ascontrollers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware,firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or moreapplication-specific integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more digitalsignal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices(DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or morefield programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one ormore processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument may be implemented using firmware or software and the firmwareor software may be configured to include the modules, procedures, orfunctions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document may be included in the one or more processors102 and 202 or stored in the one or more memories 104 and 204 so as tobe driven by the one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or softwarein the form of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.

The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals,messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands.The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-onlymemories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives,registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/orcombinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may belocated at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected tothe one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies suchas wired or wireless connection.

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, controlinformation, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in the methodsand/or operational flowcharts of this document, to one or more otherapparatuses. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive userdata, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned inthe descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in this document, from one or moreother apparatuses. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmitand receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to oneor more other apparatuses. In addition, the one or more processors 102and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals fromone or more other apparatuses. In addition, the one or more transceivers106 and 206 may be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208 andthe one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmitand receive user data, control information, and/or radiosignals/channels, mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thisdocument, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In thisdocument, the one or more antennas may be a plurality of physicalantennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). Theone or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radiosignals/channels or the like from RF band signals into baseband signalsin order to process received user data, control information, radiosignals/channels, or the like using the one or more processors 102 and202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the user data,control information, radio signals/channels, or the like processed usingthe one or more processors 102 and 202 from the base band signals intothe RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and206 may include (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

FIG. 19 shows a signal process circuit for a transmission signal inaccordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 19 , a signal processing circuit 1000 may includescramblers 1010, modulators 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040,resource mappers 1050, and signal generators 1060. An operation/functionof FIG. 19 may be performed by, without being limited to, the processors102 and 202 and/or the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 18 . Hardwareelements of FIG. 19 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202and/or the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 18 . For example, blocks1010 to 1060 may be implemented by the processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 18. Alternatively, the blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented by theprocessors 102 and 202 of FIG. 18 and the block 1060 may be implementedby the transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 18 .

Codewords may be converted into radio signals via the signal processingcircuit 1000 of FIG. 19 . Herein, the codewords are encoded bitsequences of information blocks. The information blocks may includetransport blocks (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transportblock). The radio signals may be transmitted through various physicalchannels (e.g., a PUSCH and a PDSCH).

Specifically, the codewords may be converted into scrambled bitsequences by the scramblers 1010. Scramble sequences used for scramblingmay be generated based on an initialization value, and theinitialization value may include ID information of a wireless device.The scrambled bit sequences may be modulated to modulation symbolsequences by the modulators 1020. A modulation scheme may includepi/2-binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying(m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). Complexmodulation symbol sequences may be mapped to one or more transportlayers by the layer mapper 1030. Modulation symbols of each transportlayer may be mapped (precoded) to corresponding antenna port(s) by theprecoder 1040. Outputs z of the precoder 1040 may be obtained bymultiplying outputs y of the layer mapper 1030 by an N*M precodingmatrix W. Herein, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the numberof transport layers. The precoder 1040 may perform precoding afterperforming transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for complex modulationsymbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 may perform precoding withoutperforming transform precoding.

The resource mappers 1050 may map modulation symbols of each antennaport to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources mayinclude a plurality of symbols (e.g., a CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMAsymbols) in the time domain and a plurality of subcarriers in thefrequency domain. The signal generators 1060 may generate radio signalsfrom the mapped modulation symbols and the generated radio signals maybe transmitted to other devices through each antenna. For this purpose,the signal generators 1060 may include inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT) modules, cyclic prefix (CP) inserters, digital-to-analogconverters (DACs), and frequency up-converters.

Signal processing procedures for a signal received in the wirelessdevice may be configured in a reverse manner of the signal processingprocedures 1010 to 1060 of FIG. 18 . For example, the wireless devices(e.g., 100 and 200 of FIG. 17 ) may receive radio signals from theexterior through the antenna ports/transceivers. The received radiosignals may be converted into baseband signals through signal restorers.To this end, the signal restorers may include frequency downlinkconverters, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), CP remover, and fastFourier transform (FFT) modules. Next, the baseband signals may berestored to codewords through a resource demapping procedure, apostcoding procedure, a demodulation processor, and a descramblingprocedure. The codewords may be restored to original information blocksthrough decoding. Therefore, a signal processing circuit (notillustrated) for a reception signal may include signal restorers,resource demappers, a postcoder, demodulators, descramblers, anddecoders.

FIG. 20 shows a wireless device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in variousforms according to a use-case/service (see FIG. 17 ).

Referring to FIG. 20 , wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond tothe wireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 18 and may be configured byvarious elements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. Forexample, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include acommunication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, andadditional components 140. The communication unit may include acommunication circuit 112 and transceiver(s) 114. For example, thecommunication circuit 112 may include the one or more processors 102 and202 and/or the one or more memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 18 . Forexample, the transceiver(s) 114 may include the one or more transceivers106 and 206 and/or the one or more antennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 18 . Thecontrol unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit110, the memory 130, and the additional components 140 and controlsoverall operation of the wireless devices. For example, the control unit120 may control an electric/mechanical operation of the wireless devicebased on programs/code/commands/information stored in the memory unit130. In addition, the control unit 120 may transmit the informationstored in the memory unit 130 to the exterior (e.g., other communicationdevices) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless/wiredinterface or store, in the memory unit 130, information received throughthe wireless/wired interface from the exterior (e.g., othercommunication devices) via the communication unit 110.

The additional components 140 may be variously configured according totypes of wireless devices. For example, the additional components 140may include at least one of a power unit/battery, input/output (I/O)unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may beimplemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100 aof FIG. 17 ), the vehicles (100 b-1 and 100 b-2 of FIG. 17 ), the XRdevice (100 c of FIG. 17 ), the hand-held device (100 d of FIG. 17 ),the home appliance (100 e of FIG. 17 ), the IoT device (100 f of FIG. 17), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safetydevice, an MTC device, a medicine device, a fintech device (or a financedevice), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AIserver/device (400 of FIG. 17 ), the BSs (200 of FIG. 17 ), a networknode, or the like The wireless device may be used in a mobile or fixedplace according to a use-example/service.

In FIG. 20 , the entirety of the various elements, components,units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 maybe connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a partthereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110.For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the controlunit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire and thecontrol unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelesslyconnected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component,unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 mayfurther include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, thecontrol unit 120 may be configured by a set of a communication controlprocessor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), agraphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. As anotherexample, the memory 130 may be configured by a random access memory(RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM)), a flash memory,a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Hereinafter, an example of implementing FIG. 20 will be described indetail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 21 shows a hand-held device in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, asmartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), or aportable computer (e.g., a notebook). The hand-held device may bereferred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a MobileSubscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced MobileStation (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 21 , a hand-held device 100 may include an antennaunit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit130, a power supply unit 140 a, an interface unit 140 b, and an I/O unit140 c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as a part of thecommunication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130/140 a to140 c correspond tothe blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 20 , respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., dataand control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Thecontrol unit 120 may perform various operations by controllingconstituent elements of the hand-held device 100. The control unit 120may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 130 may storedata/parameters/programs/code/commands needed to drive the hand-helddevice 100. In addition, the memory unit 130 may store input/outputdata/information. The power supply unit 140 a may supply power to thehand-held device 100 and include a wired/wireless charging circuit, abattery, or the like. The interface unit 140 b may support connection ofthe hand-held device 100 to other external devices. The interface unit140 b may include various ports (e.g., an audio I/O port and a video I/Oport) for connection with external devices. The I/O unit 140 c may inputor output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data,and/or information input by a user. The I/O unit 140 c may include acamera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140 d, aspeaker, and/or a haptic module.

As an example, in the case of data communication, the I/O unit 140 c mayacquire information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, images, or video)input by a user and the acquired information/signals may be stored inthe memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 may convert theinformation/signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmitthe converted radio signals to other wireless devices directly or to aBS. The communication unit 110 may receive radio signals from otherwireless devices or the BS and then restore the received radio signalsinto original information/signals. The restored information/signals maybe stored in the memory unit 130 and may be output as various types(e.g., text, voice, images, video, or haptic) through the I/O unit 140c.

FIG. 22 shows a car or an autonomous vehicle in accordance with anembodiment of the present disclosure. The car or autonomous vehicle maybe implemented by a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmannedaerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like

Referring to FIG. 22 , a car or autonomous vehicle 100 may include anantenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, adriving unit 140 a, a power supply unit 140 b, a sensor unit 140 c, andan autonomous driving unit 140 d. The antenna unit 108 may be configuredas a part of the communication unit 110. The blocks 110/130/140 a to 140d correspond to the blocks 110/130/140 of FIG. 19 , respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., dataand control signals) to and from external devices such as othervehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The controlunit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of thevehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may includean electronic control unit (ECU). The driving unit 140 a may cause thevehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 to drive on a road. The drivingunit 140 a may include an engine, a motor, a powertrain, a wheel, abrake, a steering device, or the like The power supply unit 140 b maysupply power to the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 and include awired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, or the like The sensor unit140 c may acquire a vehicle state, ambient environment information, userinformation, or the like The sensor unit 140 c may include an inertialmeasurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, aspeed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, aposition module, a vehicle forward/backward sensor, a battery sensor, afuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, ahumidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedalposition sensor, or the like The autonomous driving unit 140 d mayimplement technology for maintaining a lane on which a vehicle isdriving, technology for automatically adjusting speed, such as adaptivecruise control, technology for autonomously driving along a determinedpath, technology for driving by automatically setting a path if adestination is set, and the like.

For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, trafficinformation data, or the like from an external server. The autonomousdriving unit 140 d may generate an autonomous driving path and a drivingplan from the obtained data. The control unit 120 may control thedriving unit 140 a such that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100may move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan(e.g., speed/direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving,the communication unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically acquire recenttraffic information data from the external server and acquiresurrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. Inaddition, in the middle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140 c mayobtain a vehicle state and/or surrounding environment information. Theautonomous driving unit 140 d may update the autonomous driving path andthe driving plan based on the newly obtained data/information. Thecommunication unit 110 may transfer information about a vehicleposition, the autonomous driving path, and/or the driving plan to theexternal server. The external server may predict traffic informationdata using AI technology, or the like, based on the informationcollected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles and provide the predictedtraffic information data to the vehicles or the autonomous vehicles.

The scope of the disclosure may be represented by the following claims,and it should be construed that all changes or modifications derivedfrom the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents may beincluded in the scope of the disclosure.

Claims in the present description can be combined in a various way. Forinstance, technical features in method claims of the present descriptioncan be combined to be implemented or performed in an apparatus, andtechnical features in apparatus claims can be combined to be implementedor performed in a method. Further, technical features in method claim(s)and apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed inan apparatus. Further, technical features in method claim(s) andapparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or performed in amethod.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for performing wireless communication bya first apparatus, the method including: transmitting, to a basestation, a message related to request for on-demand system information,wherein the message includes quality of service (QoS) profileinformation for the first apparatus related to sidelink communication;receiving, from the base station, QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer (SLRB)mapping information informing the first apparatus how to map QoS flow toSLRB; and transmitting a transport block to a second apparatus based ona QoS flow for the first apparatus related to the QoS profileinformation and the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information, wherein themessage is transmitted to the base station in radio resource control(RRC) INACTIVE state or RRC IDLE state, and wherein the QoS flow for thefirst apparatus and a QoS flow for a third apparatus located within asame validity area are grouped into a common QoS flow.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the message is transmitted to the second apparatusbased on first message (MSG1) random access channel (RACH) or thirdmessage (MSG3).
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the message includesat least one of interested frequencies on which to transmit or receivesidelink information, a list of destinations, synchronizationreferences, discovery message transmission settings, cast type, sidelinkrelated measurements or sidelink related configurations.
 4. The methodof claim 1, wherein the QoS profile information represents QoS profileidentification (ID) information or a QoS profile.
 5. The method of claim1, wherein the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information includes a common QoSflow-SLRB configuration for mapping the common QoS flow with the SLRB.6. The method of claim 5, wherein the common QoS flow-SLRB configurationis valid to at least one apparatus which is located in the same validityarea.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein a first vehicle-to-everything(V2X) system information is transmitted from the base station to thefirst apparatus and a second V2X system information is transmitted fromthe base station to the second apparatus, and wherein the first systeminformation and the second system information include same validity areaID.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a V2X system informationtransmitted from the base station to the first apparatus includes theQoS flow-SLRB mapping information.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein theV2X system information is transmitted from the base station to the firstapparatus based on a unicast communication or a broadcast communication.10. A first apparatus configured to perform wireless communication, thefirst apparatus comprising: at least one memory storing instructions; atleast one transceiver; and at least one processor connected to the atleast one memory and the at least one transceiver, wherein the at leastone processor is configured to: control the at least one transceiver totransmit, to a base station, a message related to request for on-demandsystem information, wherein the message includes quality of service(QoS) profile information for the first apparatus related to sidelinkcommunication; control the at least one transceiver to receive, from thebase station, QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer (SLRB) mapping informationinforming the first apparatus how to map QoS flow to SLRB; and controlthe at least one transceiver to transmit a transport block to a secondapparatus based on a QoS flow for the first apparatus related to the QoSprofile information and the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information, whereinthe message is transmitted to the base station in radio resource control(RRC) INACTIVE state or RRC IDLE state, and wherein the QoS flow for thefirst apparatus and a QoS flow for a third apparatus located within asame validity area are grouped into a common QoS flow.
 11. The firstapparatus of claim 10, wherein the message is transmitted to the secondapparatus based on first message (MSG1) random access channel (RACH) orthird message (MSG3).
 12. The first apparatus of claim 10, wherein themessage includes at least one of interested frequencies on which totransmit or receive sidelink information, a list of destinations,synchronization references, discovery message transmission settings,cast type, sidelink related measurements or sidelink relatedconfigurations.
 13. The first apparatus of claim 10, wherein the QoSprofile information represents QoS profile identification (ID)information or a QoS profile.
 14. The first apparatus of claim 10,wherein the QoS flow-SLRB mapping information includes a common QoSflow-SLRB configuration for mapping the common QoS flow with the SLRB.15. The first apparatus of claim 14, wherein the common QoS flow-SLRBconfiguration is valid to at least one apparatus which is located in thesame validity area.
 16. An apparatus configured to control a firstterminal, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at leastone computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processor,and storing instructions, wherein the at least one processor executesthe instructions to cause the first terminal to: transmit, to a basestation, a message related to request for on-demand system information,wherein the message includes quality of service (QoS) profileinformation for the first apparatus related to sidelink communication;receive, from the base station, QoS flow-sidelink radio bearer (SLRB)mapping information informing the apparatus how to map QoS flow to SLRB;and transmit a transport block to a second terminal based on a QoS flowfor the first apparatus related to the QoS profile information and theQoS flow-SLRB mapping information, wherein the message is transmitted tothe base station in radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE state or RRCIDLE state, and wherein the QoS flow for the first apparatus and a QoSflow for a third apparatus located within a same validity area aregrouped into a common QoS flow.